Convenience yield may not be calculated in the exam, but the topic is in the readings for “determinants of commodity returns”
1. Business Cycle Sensitivity - ST expectations, Inflation hedge, supply/demand
2. Convenience Yield - Futures different than Spot by foregone interest in purchasing and storing the commodity, storage costs, and convenience yield. Convenience yield is the opportunity cost of holding the commodity in inventory for business purposes. Inverse relationship to inventory. i.e. High convenience yield, low inventory levels
3. Real Options under uncertainty - producer will not produce more unless spot price is > discounted future price.