First ask yourself, what is duration....
.. it's the percent change in price to a percent change in yield...
With a low coupon bond, you are going to get a larger percent of your total return through capital appreciation... or more correctly, the change in the price of the bond from the time of purchase to maturity. Therefore, a movement in the interest rate is going to have a pretty big impact on your total yield.
But it you are getting a lot paid out in coupon, that portion of total return mutes the effects of the change in yield somewhat. Therefore, higher coupon, lower duration.
... and consequently, that is why a zero coupon bond has such a high duration (equal to its maturity)