Downward bias

[dlkillabee]

Hello everyone, Can someone give me a definition of downward bias?
Thank you

 

[Niblita75]

A calculation that tends to give a lower result than others methods. For example:
10%, 12%, -5%, 8%
Arithmetic Mean: 6.25%
Geometric Mean: 6.03%
The geometric mean will always be equal to or less than the arithmetic mean. Thus it exhibits a downward bias. This is just one example.

 

[dlkillabee]

nice, thank you very much.