C) What would happen if the Fed didn't regulate interest rates?
Business cycles would tend to have higher booms and deeper busts.
They basically try to keep the tendency to have inflation during economic booms in check by raising the interest rate and reducing the amount of capital available to finance expansions. This will tend to reduce the degree to which gluts and overproduction takes place in a boom and the degree to which production abundances make people feel like they can spend more.
When there is a slowdown, reducing interest rates makes it easier for companies to finance expansion and new activities. The danger being that during the downside of the business cycle, companies might be too concerned about falling production and revenues to think ahead far enough to plan production and efficiency improvements. This would tend to delay the recovery and make recessions deeper.
The worry is that, if you're not careful, you can get into the situation where a 0% interest rate is not low enough - like Japan in the 1990s. Then it's time to start printing money. ;-)
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at Monday, January 8, 2007 at 08:10AM by bchadwick.