IPS - living exp is assumed to be after-tax?

[nulry]

IPS - Most of the questions are not specified whether living exp is after-tax or pre-tax, is the living exp is assumed to be after-tax?

 

[daharmattan1]

Yes. Take the # as given. the pre/post tax question is more about their inflow in this case. As in, do you need to apply taxes to reduce the income flowing in. That will then affect the net CF

 

[FrankCFA]

If no specified, after-tax.
Before-tax will be specified in the question, CFA 2007 AM Q1.

 

[nulry]

thx all~~~