Structural model:
Assumptions:
- Balance sheet is simple with only one class of zero coupon bond
- Asset is actively traded on the market
- Risk free rate is constant
Reduced form:
- There is zero coupon liability traded on the market
- Risk free is stochastic (random, not constant)
- default risk depends on the economic conditions, which depend on non-constant variable => varies with business cycle
There are a lot of issues about this, but I feel like the assumptions are most likely tested
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