the swap spread is the risk premium associated with an investment. The gov’t rate (Treasury rate) is considered risk-free, so the spread above the treasury rate is your compensation for taking on additional investment specific risk.
Reference rate = the rate for an “unsafe” investment (like a corporate bond)
Treasury rate = risk free rate
Reference rate = Treasury Rate + spread
It’s really simple. You need to be paid a higher rate if the holder of your money is less safe. That is why there is a positive spread over treasuries. Don’t be confused because it’s a “swap” spread. The swap market is just a market where you can observe spreads. The spreads can be applied to other investments.
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