Effective Interest Rate is the rate which can be used to discount all the future payaments from the bond to get the current selling price of the bond
YTM is therefore equal to Effective interst rate of bond
But Effective annual yield is different. Effective annual field is the annualized return you get from the bond. This would be the yearly return you get in a single year.
This Effective Annual Yield = Coupon rate of Bond
Effective annual yields are not the same thing as coupon rates. Coupon rates are nominal.
Yield to maturity is also a nominal rate based on the frequency of coupons.
Effective Annual Yield is not the coupon rate. The coupon rate is nominal and does not account for compounding. EAY is an annualized rate that takes compounding return into account.
For e.g., 6% semi-annual pay coupon on a 1000 par bond has a coupon rate of 6% but an EAY of 6.09% [{(1 + semi-annual coupon)^2} - 1].
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