In my experience, Java/ C/C++/ Matlab / Sybase or Oracle are the main languages they are looking for. Haven't seen much MS stuff, unless it's a trader or a quant just doing a one off in a spreadsheet to mock up something quickly.
CFA is useful for business analysts but not so much for general development, in my experience for a coder they are far more worried about whether you know how to hook into real time rate feeds, exchange platforms, FIX protocol, that kind of stuff- than whether you really anything about what the systems do. Its specialized enough they tend to leave it with the quant research groups and BA's who provide the spec. I would note however that all my experience is with large funds/ banks, so they can afford the specialization- in a smaller fund or trading firm, I bet they would be excited about a programmer who understood the finance side. They will generally leave the actual modelling and system specs up to the business, but it makes for a much easier conversation when the programmer at the other end does not need as much detail to know what to do.